Açıkgöz, D., & Uluçınar Sağır, Ş. (2020).  Examination of science teachers’ awareness of research inquiry-based teaching. Karaelmas Journal of Educational Sciences. 8(1),1-17. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kebd/issue/67224/1049147 Access Date: 07/07/2022.

Akgündüz, D., Ertepınar, H., Ger M. A., Kaplan Sayı A., & Türk Z. (2015).  A comprehensive assessment of STEM education in Turkey. STEM education workshop report, Istanbul: Istanbul Aydın University STEM Center and Faculty of Education. Retrieved from https://www.aydin.edu.tr/tr-tr/akademik/fakulteler/egitim/Documents/STEM%20E%C4%9Fitimi%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20Raporu.pdf Access Date: 01/06/2022.

Aksoy, Y., & Şenler, B. (2019). Examination of classroom teachers’ questioning-based science teaching Understandings in terms of various variables. International Journal of Social Research, 65(12), 719-726.  http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3483

Akyol, B. E. (2020). The effect of STEM activities on computational, critical, creative thinking and problem-solving skills of science teacher candidates, (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Erciyes University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Kayseri. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/  Access Date: 07/06/2022.

Başaran, M., & Bay, E. (2022). The effect of project-based STEAM activities on the social and cognitive skills of preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2022.2146682

Başaran, M. (2018). Applicability of the STEM approach in preschool education (action research). (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis), Gaziantep University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Gaziantep. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 08/07/2022.

Biçer, B. (2018). Examination of science teacher views on STEM in terms of some variables. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Giresun University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Giresun. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 04/10/2022.

Bolat, Y. İ. (2020). Investigating the contributions of STEM-based mathematics activities to the interest in STEM fields with problem-solving and computational thinking skills. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Atatürk University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Erzurum. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 10/08/2022.

Bybee, R. (2010). Advancing STEM education: A 2020 Vision. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 70(1),30-35. Retrieved from www.shorturl.at/gpwyB Access Date: 16/06/2022.

Clark, D. D. (2008). A study of West Virginia teachers: Using 21st century tools to teach in a 21st century context. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Marshall University, West Virginia. Retrieved from https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/535/ Access Date: 10/04/2022.

Crippen, K. J., & Archambault, L. (2012). Scaffolded inquiry-based instruction with technology: A signature pedagogy for STEM education. Computers in the Schools, 29(1-2), 157-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2012.658733

Çoban, Ö. Özdemir, N., & Turan, S. (2021). 21.yüzyıl okullarını yeniden düşünmek. (2th edition) [Rethinking 21st century schools. (2. edt.)]. Ankara: Pegem.

Çorlu, M. S., Capraro, R. M. & Capraro, M. M. (2014). Introducing STEM education: Implications for educating our teachers in the age of innovation. Education and Science, 39(171), 74-85, Retrieved from http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/2142 Access Date: 16/11/2022.

Ekbenli, D. (2017). Technology in education. Retrieved from http://www.Egitimdeteknoloji.Com/STEM-Nedir-STEM-Egitimi-Ulkemizde-Neleri-Degistirebilir/ Access Date: 10/12/2021

Er, K., & Başeğmez, D. (2020). The relationship between teacher candidates’ STEM awareness and self-efficacy beliefs regarding STEM practices. Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 14(2), 940-987, http://dx.doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.837613

Eryılmaz, S., & Uluyol, Ç. (2015). 21. yüzyıl becerileri ışığında FATİH projesi değerlendirmesi [Evaluation of FATIH project in the consideration of 21st century skills]. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 209-229. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gefad/issue/6772/91207 Access Date: 16/03/2022.

Garba, S. A., Byabazaire, Y. & Busthami, A. H. (2015). Toward the use of 21st-Century teaching-learning approaches: The trend of development in Malaysian schools within the context of Asia Pacific. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 10(4), 72-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v10i4.4717

George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 Update (10a Ed.) Boston: Pearson.

Göksün, D. O. (2016). The relationship between 21st-Century learner skills and 21st-Century teaching skills of teacher candidates. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Anadolu University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Eskişehir. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 16/11/2022.

Gunes Varol, D. (2020). 7th Phase of Design-Based Stem Education Events Determination of the Impact on Academic Achievements, Attitudes towards STEM and STEM Professional Interest in Grade School Students. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Fırat University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Elazig. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 07/11/2022.

İmir, B. (2019). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin STEM eğitimine yönelik yeterlilik ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Determination of classroom teachers' competencies and attitudes towards STEM education. (Unpublished master's thesis)]. Fırat Üniversitesi, Institute of Educational Sciences, Elazig. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 07/06/2022.

Jia, Y., Oh, Y. J., Sibuma, B., Labanca, F., & Velorentson, M. (2016). Measuring twenty first century skills: development and validation of a scale for in service and pre-service teachers. Teacher Development, 20(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2016.1143870

Karahan, E. (2016). STEAM: Mechanical and aesthetic. Retrieved from https://enginkarahan.com/tag/stem/ Access Date: 20/07/2022

Karataş, K. (2021). Eğitim ve 21. yüzyıl becerileri. [Education and 21st century skills]. Ankara: Nobel.

Kavak, T. (2019) The effect of STEM applications on 4th-grade students’ attitudes towards science and technology, scientific process, and problem-solving skills. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Fırat University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Elazig. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 16/11/2022.

Kent J. C., & Leanna A. (2012). Scaffolded inquiry-based instruction with technology: A signature pedagogy for STEM education, Computers in the Schools, 29(2), 157-173, https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2012.658733   

Kennedy, T. J., & Odell, M. R. L. (2014). Engaging students in STEM education. Science Education International, 25(3), 246-258. Retrieved from http://www.icaseonline.net/sei/september2014/p1.pdf Access Date: 16/07/2022.

Kocagul, M.  (2013). The impact of inquiry-based professional development activities on primary science and technology teachers’ scientific process skills, self-efficacy, and belief in inquiry-based teaching. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Izmir. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 16/11/2022.

Kiyasoglu, E. (2019). 21st-Century learning and teaching skills of classroom teachers. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Düzce University, Institute of Social Sciences, Düzce. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 11/11/2022.

Morrison, J. S. (2006). Attributes of STEM education: The students, the academy, the classroom. TIES STEM Education Monograph Series. Retrieved From https://goo.gl/J4CiUq Access Date: 11/08/2022.

National Research Council (2011). Successful K-12 STEM education: İdentifying effective approaches in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. National Academies Press.

Gürültü, E., Aslan, M., & Alcı, B. (2020). Competence of secondary school teachers to use 21st-Century skills. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Education, 35(4), 780-798. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2019051590

Onsee, P., & Nuangchalerm, P. (2019). Developing critical thinking of grade 10 students through inquiry-based STEM learning. 5(2). 132-141. https://doi.org/10.30870/jppi.v5i2.5486.

Özyurt M. (2020). Adaptation of the 21st-Century skills teaching scale to Turkish culture: Validity reliability study. OPUS International Journal of Society Research,16(30), 2568-2594. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.725042

Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2009). P21 framework definitions. Retrieved from http://www.p21.org/storage/documents/P21_Framework_Definitions.pdf Access Date: 20/07/2022.

Şahin, E. (2019). Determination of teachers’ professional competencies for STEM education. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 08/08/2022.

Yıldırım, A., & Yıldırım, H. (2018). Qualitative research methods (11th ed.). Ankara: Seçkin.

Yıldırım, B., & Altun, Y. (2015). Investigation of the effects of STEM education and engineering practices in science laboratory coursework. Al-Jazari Journal of Science and Engineering,2(2),28-40. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ecjse/issue/4899/67132 Access Date: 05/09/2022.

Yildirim, B., & Turk, C. (2018). Classroom teacher candidates’ views on STEM education: A hands-on study. Trakya University Journal of Faculty of Education, 8(2), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.24315/trkefd.310112.

Yıldırım, İ., Başaran, M., Cücük, E., & Yokuş, E.  (2018).  Development of inquiry-based teaching self-efficacy scale for STEM+S: Validity and reliability study. International Online Journal of Educational Science. 10(3), 42-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2018.02.003

Yuliati, L., Parno, A., Hapsari, A., Nurhidayah, F., & Halim, L. (2018). Building scientific literacy and physics problem-solving skills through inquiry-based learning for STEM education. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1108, 012026, https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012026

Yüksel, F. (2019). The effect of out-of-classroom STEM practices on students’ learning products in middle school science course. (Unpublished master’s thesis). On Dokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Samsun. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 16/11/2022.

Yuksel, R. (2020). Examination of the individual innovation level of science teachers, lifelong learning tendencies and STEM applications’ self-efficacy perceptions and the relationship between them. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Access Date: 16/10/2022.

Wang, H. (2012). A new era of science education: Science teachers ‘perceptions and classroom practices of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) integration, Minnesota University Digital Conservancy, Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11299/120980  Access Date: 16/10/2022.